Abstract Tomato plants infested by Fusarium oxysporum (Fol) show limitations in yield and fruit quality. The application of silicic acid could be used as an alternative to mitigate damage caused by this pathogen. In this work, the effect of silicic acid on "Rio Grande" variety tomato plants inoculated with Fol was studied. Silicic acid was applied via foliar weekly on tomato plant (ten applications). Treatments consisted of silicic acid + Fol, silicic acid, Fol and an absolute control. The incidence and severity of Fol wilt, content of antioxidant compounds (lycopene, β carotene, chlorophylls, vitamin C, reduced glutathione, phenols, flavonoids, total antioxidants and proteins), enzymatic activity (APX, CAT, GPX and SOD), PAL, salicylic and jasmonic acid, and the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of PR1, JA, GAME1, PAL5-3, ET and ABA, were determined. ASi+Fol-treated plants, compared to Fol-inoculated plants, disease incidence Fol wilt was reduced by 32% and severity by 22%, also presented an increase in chlorophyll a, b and total (49.1, 59.4 and 46.7%, respectively), as well as flavonoids (24.6%), the plants overexpressed the genes that participate in the synthesis of PR1, JA, GAME1, PAL5-3, ET and ABA at 31 dat (days after transplant), induced a reduction in reduced glutathione, antioxidant capacity by DPPH, CAT, jasmonic acid and the expression of all the genes evaluated in this work at 73 dat. The plants treated with ASi, in comparison with Fol, presented an increase in proteins, lycopene, vitamin C (30.3, 65.0, 52.7%, respectively), chlorophylls and the expression of PAL5-3 (31 dat), GAME1 and ET (73 dat). In the case Fol, a higher concentration of vitamin C, phenols, DPPH, PAL, CAT, GPX, salicylic and jasmonic acid was observed, and increase in the expression of JA, GAME1, PAL5-3, and ABA (73 dat), but it also induced a reduction in the concentration of flavonoids, chlorophylls and the expression of the six genes determined in this work at 31 dat. On the other hand, T0 plants, compared to Fol, showed an increase in proteins, lycopene, flavonoids (33.1, 62.0, 27.8%, respectively), as well as, chlorophyll, and the expression of all the genes analyzed in 31 dat, except for ET. The foliar application of silicic acid decreased the negative effects caused by Fol through the increase of antioxidant compounds and changes in the expression of genes related to the defense system in tomato plants.

Resumen Las plantas de tomate infestadas por Fusarium oxysporum (Fol) muestran limitaciones en rendimiento y calidad de frutos. La aplicación de ácido silícico podría ser una alternativa para mitigar los daños causados por este patógeno. En este trabajo se estudió el efecto del ácido silícico en plantas de tomate variedad “Rio Grande” inoculadas con Fol. Se aplicó ácido silícico vía foliar semanalmente en plantas de tomate (diez aplicaciones). Los tratamientos consistieron en ácido silícico + Fol, ácido silícico, Fol y un control absoluto. Se determinó la incidencia y severidad de la marchitez de Fol, el contenido de compuestos antioxidantes (licopeno, β caroteno, clorofilas, vitamina C, glutatión reducido, fenoles, flavonoides, antioxidantes totales y proteínas), actividad enzimática (APX, CAT, GPX y SOD), PAL, ácido salicílico y jasmónico, y la expresión de genes que participan en la síntesis de PR1, JA, GAME1, PAL5-3, ET y ABA. En las plantas tratadas con ASi+Fol, en comparación con las plantas inoculadas con Fol, se redujo la incidencia de la enfermedad en un 32% y la severidad en un 22%. También presentaron un incremento de clorofila a, b y total (49.1, 59.4 y 46.7%, respectivamente), así como de flavonoides (24.6%), las plantas sobreexpresaron los genes que participan en la síntesis de PR1, JA, GAME1, PAL5-3, ET y ABA, a los 31 ddt, indujeron una reducción de glutatión reducido, capacidad antioxidante por DPPH, CAT, ácido jasmónico y la expresión de todos los genes evaluados en este trabajo a los 73 ddt. Las plantas tratadas con ASi, en comparación con Fol, presentaron un incremento de proteínas, licopeno, vitamina C (30.3, 65.0, 52.7%, respectivamente), clorofilas y la expresión de PAL5-3 (31 ddt), GAME1 y ET (73 ddt). En el caso de Fol, se apreció mayor concentración de vitamina C, fenoles, DPPH, PAL, CAT, GPX, ácido salicílico y jasmónico, y ligeramente un incremento de la expresión de JA, GAME1, PAL5-3 y ABA (73 ddt), pero también indujo una reducción en la concentración de flavonoides, clorofilas y la expresión de los seis genes determinados en este trabajo a 31 ddt. Por su parte las plantas T0, comparado con Fol, se observó aumento de proteínas, licopeno, flavonoides (33.1, 62.0, 27.8%, respectivamente), así como clorofilas, y la expresión de todos los genes analizados a los 31 ddt, a excepción de ET. La aplicación foliar de ácido silícico disminuyó los efectos negativos causados por Fol a través del aumento de compuestos antioxidantes y cambios en la expresión de los genes relacionados con el sistema de defensa en plantas de tomate.

Abstract Introduction/Objective: The purpose of the study is to qualitatively evaluate the perception of the use of by-products as an ingredient in food processing and its effect on human health. Methods: The study was descriptive and observational to determine the perception of the use of food by-products (FBP) for food processing and its impact on health, using a questionnaire in Google Forms format. The survey was applied to people in seven municipalities of Nayarit: Acaponeta, Compostela, San Blas, Santiago Ixcuintla, Xalisco, Tecuala and Tepic. Results: 56% of the respondents answered that by-products are feasible for reuse in the development of new food products. Of the volunteers who were in favor, 33% agreed and only 9% strongly agreed. Seeds (42%) and husks (33%) are the main by-products that respondents noted as potential ingredients. The processes where by-products can be implemented the most are fermentation processes (25%), juices or nectars (18%) and bakery products (17%). Conclusions: Perceptions are associated with culture and health, so it is important to analyze the criteria between the relationship with nutritional and functional health attributes so that by-products are accepted in the daily diet.

Resumen El uso del lactosuero en aplicaciones agrícolas es una opción para disminuir el impacto ambiental que ocasiona cuando se vierte sin control. El propósito de este trabajo fue medir la fitotoxicidad del suero dulce que se genera durante la elaboración de queso fresco en semillas y plántulas de alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) y maíz (Zea mays L.) como organismos de prueba-objetivo. Se realizaron cuatro experimentos individuales en el laboratorio de Ecología Molecular Microbiana del CICM-ICBUAP en la ciudad de Puebla, México durante junio a diciembre de 2018 y enero de 2019, bajo condiciones controladas, tanto en cajas Petri con medio de cultivo y en germinadores con soporte, en un diseño experimental completamente al azar (DECA) con cinco tratamientos (4, 8, 12, 16 y 20% de lactosuero y un control de agua potable). Las variables evaluadas fueron la concentración letal (CL50), por inhibición de la germinación en ambas semillas y la concentración subletal (CSL), por disminución del desarrollo de germinados y plántulas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el lactosuero dulce tiene una CL50-5 de 53% y una CSL-10 de 12% en semillas de alfalfa (p< 0.05) y una CL50-60 de 20% en plántulas de alfalfa y una CL50-20 de 20% en plántulas de maíz. Se observó a 60 días que, a concentraciones entre 4 y 6%, el suero dulce tiene un efecto promotor de crecimiento en plántulas de alfalfa (p< 0.05) concluyendo que es posible utilizar el lactosuero diluido en prácticas agrícolas sustentables de manera segura.

Abstract The use of whey in agricultural applications is an option to reduce the environmental impact it causes when it is discharged without control. The purpose of this work was to measure the phytotoxicity of sweet whey that is generated during the production of fresh cheese in seeds and seedlings of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) as test-target organisms. Four individual experiments were carried out in the Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Ecology of the CICM-ICBUAP in the city of Puebla, Mexico, from June to December 2018 and January 2019, under controlled conditions, both in Petri dishes with culture medium and in seedling trays with substrate, in a completely randomized experimental design (CRED) with five treatments (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20% whey and a drinking water control). The variables evaluated were the lethal concentration (LC50), by inhibition of germination in the two seeds, and the sublethal concentration (SLC), by decreased development of sprouts and seedlings. The results obtained indicate that sweet whey has an LC50-5 of 53% and an SLC-10 of 12% in alfalfa seeds (p< 0.05) and an LC50-60 of 20% in alfalfa seedlings and an LC50-20 of 20% in corn seedlings. At 60 days, it was observed that, at concentrations between 4 and 6%, sweet whey has a growth-promoting effect on alfalfa seedlings (p< 0.05), concluding that it is possible to use diluted whey in sustainable agricultural practices safely.

Resumen Para evaluar el efecto de la incorporación de L. leucocephala sobre la producción de biomasa y la composición química de P. maximum cv. Tanzania en un sistema silvopastoril, se estableció un experimento en dos praderas, establecidas con P. maximum cv. Tanzania como único cultivo en una de ellas y en la otra asociada con L. leucocephala en un arreglo de pasturas en callejones. En cada pradera fueron colocadas 12 jaulas de exclusión de 1 m3 en un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 2 x 4, dos sistemas (monocultivo y silvopastoril) y cuatro fechas de corte (28, 56, 84 y 112 d) y tres repeticiones. Se aplicó una fertilización química con Fosfonitrato en cada una de las jaulas de exclusión para ambos tratamientos. Se observó diferencia significativa entre sistemas para las variables altura, cobertura, producción de materia orgánica (kg/ha), producción de proteína cruda (kg/ha) y el porcentaje de FDN, reportando los mejores valores el sistema silvopastoril. Se concluye que el uso de la Leucaena ofrece ventajas importantes si se considera que es capaz de producir alimento de alto valor nutricional para los animales, además, mejora la calidad y cantidad de forraje del sistema.

Abstract To evaluate the effect of L. leucocephala incorporation on P. maximum cv. Tanzania biomass production and chemical composition of in a silvopastoral system, an experiment was established in two grasslands, established with P. maximum cv. Tanzania as the only crop in one of them and in the other, associated with L. leucocephala in an arrangement of pastures in alleys. In each meadow, 12 exclusion cages of 1 m3 were placed in a completely random design with a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, two systems (monoculture and silvopastoral) and four cutting dates (28, 56, 84 and 112 d) and three repetitions. Chemical fertilization with Phosphonitrate was applied in each of the exclusion cages for both treatments. A significant difference was observed between systems for the variables height, coverage, production of organic matter (kg/ha), production of crude protein (kg/ha) and the percentage of FDN, reporting the best values of the silvopastoral system. It is concluded that the use of Leucaena offers important advantages if we consider its capability for producing food of high nutritional value for animals, as well as it improving the forage quality and quantity of the system.

Abstract Introduction: malnutrition, both due to deficiency and excess of nutrients, correlates to the morbidity of the surgical patient. Objectives: to analyze the nutritional status, body composition and bone health of patients undergoing elective knee and hip arthroplasty. Methods: an observational cross-sectional study was carried out evaluating patients undergoing hip and knee replacement surgery from February to September 2019. The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), anthropometry, hand-grip dynamometry, bone densitometry, lumbar spine X-ray and bioimpedance analysis were performed. Results: eighty-six patients (61.6 % women) were evaluated, with a mean age of 69.5 ± 9.5 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 31.3 ± 4.5. According to MUST, 21.3 % were at risk of malnutrition; 16.9 % had decreased triceps skinfold with respect to p50 and 20 % had a pathological hand-grip dynamometry. In 91.4 %, vitamin D was < 30 pg/ml. In the bioimpedanciometry, the women presented significantly decreased muscle mass values. Age was correlated with a lower presence of fat-free mass, total and appendicular muscle mass. In those over 65 years of age, 52.6 % of men vs 14.3 % of women had a decreased muscle mass index; 58.5 % had low bone mineral density. We observed vertebral bone collapses in 13.9 %. Conclusions: there is a high prevalence of obesity in patients who are candidates for arthroplasty and this does not exclude the existence of a risk of malnutrition. They may also have decreased muscle mass and strength. Nutritional education and physical exercise recommendations are essential in order to optimize nutritional status for surgery.

Resumen Introducción: la malnutrición tanto por defecto como por exceso de nutrientes se relaciona con la morbilidad del paciente quirúrgico. Objetivos: analizar el estado nutricional, la composición corporal y la salud ósea de pacientes sometidos a artroplastia electiva de rodilla y cadera. Método: se realiza un estudio transversal observacional evaluando pacientes que ingresan para cirugía de prótesis de cadera y rodilla de febrero a septiembre de 2019. Al ingreso, se realizan Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), antropometría, dinamometría manual, densitometría ósea, radiografía de columna lumbar y bioimpedanciometría. Resultados: se evaluó a 86 pacientes (61,6 % mujeres), con edad media de 69,5 ± 9,5 años. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) medio fue de 31,3 ± 4,5. Según MUST, el 21,3 % estaba en riesgo de desnutrición. El 16,9 % tenía disminuido el pliegue tricipital respecto al p50 y el 20 % tenía una dinamometría manual patológica. En el 91,4 % la vitamina D fue < 30 pg/ml. En la bioimpedanciometría, las mujeres presentaban valores de masa muscular significativamente disminuidos. La edad se correlacionó con menor presencia de masa libre de grasa, masa muscular total y apendicular. En mayores de 65 años, el 52,6 % de varones vs. 14,3 % de mujeres presentaban un índice de masa muscular disminuido. El 58,5 % tenía densidad mineral ósea baja. Objetivamos aplastamientos vertebrales en el 13,9 %. Conclusiones: existe una alta prevalencia de obesidad en pacientes candidatos a artroplastia y esto no excluye la existencia de riesgo de desnutrición. Además, pueden presentar disminución de masa y fuerza muscular. Es fundamental la educación nutricional y recomendaciones de ejercicio físico de cara a optimizar el estado nutricional para cirugía.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Conocer la opinión del profesorado sobre la calidad e influencia del Programa Recreo Saludable en la mejora de los refrigerios que lleva el alumnado. Método. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, mediante encuesta en línea autoadministrada al profesorado de los centros adheridos al Programa Recreo Saludable de Extremadura. Se preguntó por el seguimiento de las recomendaciones sobre consumo de refrigerios saludables, por parte de los alumnos, con respuestas tipo Likert de tres niveles de adherencia (alta: 75-100%, media: 50% y baja: 0-25%) y por la calidad de los recursos materiales y formativos. Se consideró el nivel de significación estadística para un p-valor menor de 0,05. Resultados. El 82,8%, 52,3% y 8,5% del profesorado observó una alta adherencia a la recomendación de incluir agua, fruta y pan integral, respectivamente, y el 38,1%, 33,0% y 62,7% a eliminar zumos envasados, lácteos azucarados y bollería, respectivamente. La satisfacción general y los recursos del programa se evaluaron en 4,3 y 4 puntos, sobre 5, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Para el profesorado encuestado, el programa tuvo un impacto alto en la inclusión de agua y la eliminación de bollería industrial en los refrigerios; medio en la inclusión de fruta y eliminación de zumos envasados y lácteos azucarados, y bajo en la inclusión de pan integral. Otorga una alta valoración a los recursos facilitados y una alta satisfacción general.

ABSTRACT Objective. To ascertain the teachers' opinion about the quality and impact of the healthy break programme on the improvement of snacks brought in by students. Methods. Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study by means of a self-administered online survey to teachers from the centres taking part in the healthy break programme in Extremadura. We asked about the follow-up of the recommendations on the consumption of healthy snacks by students, with three levels of adherence Likert-type responses (high: 75%-100%, medium: 50% and low: 0%-25%) and quality of material and training resources. A P-value less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results. A total of 82.8%, 52.3% and 8.5% of teachers observed high adherence with the recommendation to include water, fruit and whole-grain bread, respectively. Moreover, 38.1%, 33.0% and 62.7% to eliminate packaged juices, sweetened dairy products and pastries, respectively. Overall satisfaction and programme resources were rated at 4.3 and 4 points, out of 5, respectively. Conclusions. For the teachers surveyed, the programme had a high impact on the inclusion of water and elimination of industrial pastries in snacks; a medium impact on the inclusion of fruit and elimination of packaged juices and sweetened dairy products; and a low impact on the inclusion of whole-grain bread. The teaching staff offered a high evaluation of the resources provided and general satisfaction.

Resumen Antecedentes: El cáncer de células pequeñas (CPCP) representa el 13-15% del total de neoplasias primarias de pulmón. Se caracteriza por su rapidez en la tasa de crecimiento y en el desarrollo de metástasis a distancia. Objetivos: Orientar y estandarizar el tratamiento del CPCP, enfermedad limitada, en México, basado en evidencia clínica nacional e internacional. Material y métodos: Este documento se desarrolló como una colaboración entre el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología y la Sociedad Mexicana de Oncología en cumplimiento con estándares internacionales. Se integró un grupo conformado por oncólogos médicos, cirujanos oncólogos, cirujanos de tórax, radio-oncólogos y metodólogos con experiencia en revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura y guías de práctica clínica. Resultados: Se consensuaron, por el método Delphi y en reuniones a distancia, las recomendaciones en CPCP enfermedad limitada, producto de las preguntas de trabajo. Se identificó y evaluó críticamente la evidencia científica que responde a cada una de dichas preguntas clínicas, antes de incorporarla a la guía. Conclusión: Esta guía proporciona recomendaciones clínicas para el manejo de la enfermedad limitada del CPCP y durante el proceso de toma de decisiones de los clínicos involucrados con su manejo en nuestro país para mejorar la calidad de la atención clínica en estos pacientes.

Abstract Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents 13-15% of all primary lung neoplasms and is characterized by rapid growth rate and development of distant metastases. Objectives: To guide and standardize the treatment of limited disease small cell lung cancer in Mexico based on national and international clinical evidence. Material and methods: This document was developed as a collaboration between the National Cancer Institute and the Mexican Society of Oncology in compliance with international standards. An interdisciplinary group was formed, including medical oncologists, oncological surgeons, thoracic surgeons, radiation oncologists, and methodologists with experience in systematic reviews of the literature and clinical practice guidelines. Results: Consensus recommendations were reached, both by the Delphi method and in remote meetings, for limited SCLC disease resulting from the same number of work questions. The scientific evidence that answers each of these clinical questions was identified and critically evaluated, before being incorporated into the body of evidence of the guide. Conclusion: This guide provides clinical recommendations for the management of limited disease SCLC to contribute to the decision-making process of the clinicians involved with its management in our country, hoping that this will contribute to improving the quality of clinical care in these patients.

Abstract: In this study, biomass ashes from different energy valorization processes and storage conditions were used to make fire-resistant materials. Some of the ashes were subjected to a carbonation process. An 80/20 ash/gypsum ratio was used in all compositions. The density and different mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strength, superficial hardness, and dynamic modulus of elasticity), as well as fire resistance properties (insulating capacity and heat absorption capacity), were evaluated at 28 days. The energy valorization had a great influence on the particle size and the Loss On Ignition (LOI) of the fly ash. By increasing both, materials with lower mechanical properties (90%) were produced. Fire resistance was similar for the different ashes tested, but 50% lower than the gypsum material. When the ashes of the materials were carbonated, the material increases compressive strength by 400% compared to ashes without the carbonation process, and the fire resistance was similar to those materials composed exclusively of gypsum, but also a source of CO2 capture is produced.

Resumen: La mejora de la simbiosis generada por hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) contra microorganismos patógenos han sido descritos, sin embargo el efecto de los HMA en cultivos de cacahuate es de interés por el valor de la cadena productiva que no ha sido atendida en su totalidad, por lo que el presente trabajo de investigación evaluó seis tratamientos: (T1) Plantas testigo sin HMA, (T2) Plantas con lixiviado de lombricomposta, (T3) Plantas inoculadas con micorrizas comerciales, (T4) Plantas inoculadas con micorrizas nativas, (T5) Plantas inoculadas con micorrizas comerciales + lixiviado y (T6) Plantas inoculadas con micorrizas comerciales + micorrizas nativas; en este sentido, se aislaron los hongos micorrízicos, identificándose Rhizoglomus clarum, Acaulospora alpina y Acaulospora aff. bireticulata, e inoculados en plantas de cacahuate en una superficie de 144 m2 a cielo abierto, de manera que, para corroborar la incidencia de los tratamientos evaluados, variables agronómicas como la altura, ancho de biomasa, daño foliar por Cercospora personata, número de flores, fueron evaluadas durante la precosecha cada 15 días y las variables postcosecha fueron; índice de área foliar, longitud de raíces, rendimiento de frutos y lípidos, así como el perfil de ácidos grasos presentes en el fruto. Finalmente, se evaluó la calidad del cacahuate según el CODEX STAN 200-1995, demostrando que el mejor tratamiento fue lixiviado + micorriza comercial, reportando rendimientos de 65.05% de frutos y 58% de lípidos totales, en su mayoría de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (52% ácido oleico) seguido de poliinsaturados (21% ácido linoleico), finalmente de acuerdo al CODEX STAN 200-199 los cacahuates obtenidos corresponden a la calidad básica con dimensiones de 4 a 4.5 cm de ancho y largo respectivamente, estos cacahuates no pueden ser exportados pero si pueden ser comercializados en el país con destino a la transformación agroindustrial, permitiendo mejorar prácticas agrícolas al reducir el uso de agroquímicos.

Summary: The improvement of the symbiosis generated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) against pathogenic microorganisms has been described, however, the effect of AMF in peanut crops is of interest due to the value of the productive chain that has not been fully attended. Therefore, this research work evaluated six treatments: (T1) Control plants without AMF, (T2) Plants with vermicompost leachate, (T3) Plants inoculated with commercial mycorrhizae, (T4) Plants inoculated with native mycorrhizae, (T5) Plants inoculated with commercial mycorrhizae + leachate and (T6) Plants inoculated with commercial mycorrhizae + native mycorrhizae; in this sense, mycorrhizal fungi were isolated, identifying Rhizoglomus clarum, Acaulospora alpina and Acaulospora aff. bireticulata, and inoculated in peanut plants in an area of 144 m2 in the open, so that, to corroborate the incidence of the treatments evaluated, agronomic variables such as height, width of biomass, foliar damage by Cercospora personata, number of flowers, were evaluated during the pre-harvest every 15 days and the post-harvest variables were; leaf area index, root length, fruit and lipid yield, as well as the profile of fatty acids present in the fruit. Finally, peanut quality was evaluated according to CODEX STAN 200-1995, showing that the best treatment was leaching + commercial mycorrhizae, reporting yields of 65.05% of fruits and 58% of total lipids, mostly monounsaturated fatty acids (52 % oleic acid) followed by polyunsaturated (21% linoleic acid), finally according to CODEX STAN 200-199 the peanuts obtained correspond to the basic quality with dimensions of 4 to 4.5 cm wide and long respectively, these peanuts cannot be exported but they can be marketed in the country for agro-industrial transformation, allowing improved agricultural practices by reducing the use of agrochemicals.

Resumen Introducción: Variantes génicas relacionadas con la vía de señalización de las proteínas morfogenéticas óseas (BMP2, BMP4, GREM1, SMAD7) se han asociado a cáncer colorrectal, principalmente en poblaciones caucásicas. Objetivo: Describir la asociación de variantes en miembros de la vía BMP en población mexicana, caracterizada por su ancestría indoamericana y caucásica. Métodos: Se realizó el genotipado de 1000 casos de cáncer colorrectal y 1043 individuos de control reclutados en la Ciudad de México, Monterrey y Torreón mediante la plataforma Sequenom. Con análisis univariados y multivariados se estudiaron las asociaciones entre cáncer colorrectal y variantes. Resultados: Las variantes rs4444235, rs12953717 y rs4939827 replicaron la asociación con la neoplasia (p ≤ 0.05). La ascendencia caucásica mostró asociación con el tumor. Conclusiones: El estudio mostró las asociaciones entre cáncer colorrectal y las variantes SMAD7 y BMP4, así como con el componente caucásico de la mezcla étnica.

Abstract Introduction: Genetic variants related to bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP2, BMP4, GREM1, SMAD7) signaling pathway have been associated with colorectal cancer, mainly in Caucasian populations. Objective: To describe the association of variants in members of the BMP signaling pathway in a Mexican population, characterized by its indigenous American and Caucasian ancestry. Methods: Genotyping of 1,000 colorectal cancer cases and 1,043 control individuals recruited in Mexico City, Monterrey, and Torreón was carried out using the Sequenom platform. Associations between colorectal cancer and variants were studied with univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Variants rs4444235, rs12953717 and rs4939827 replicated the association with the neoplasm (p ≤ 0.05). Caucasian ancestry showed association with the tumor. Conclusions: The study replicated the associations between colorectal cancer and SMAD7 and BMP4 variants, with an association being observed with the Caucasian component of the ethnic mix.

Resumen En la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana, se realizan cines debate desde el año 2013, como parte del programa educativo para la formación humana en las carreras de la salud. El artículo da cuenta del universo cultural que representa el cine para la formación en Salud, de los principales ejes metodológicos formulados desde la presente experiencia- así como- del balance favorable obtenido. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con la revisión de fuentes bibliográficas disponibles en bases de datos de internet. Las autoras evidencian sus propias consideraciones y las conclusiones sobre las significativas ventajas del uso del cine para la formación humana en Salud.

Summary At the University of Medical Sciences of Havana, debate cinemas have been held since 2013, as part of the educational program for human training in health careers. The article gives an account of the cultural universe that the cinema represents for Health training, of the main methodological axes formulated from the present experience - as well as - of the favorable balance obtained. A qualitative methodology was used with the review of bibliographic sources available in internet databases. The authors evidence their own considerations and conclusions about the significant advantages of using cinema for human training in Health.

Resumen El presente artículo plasma el quehacer sociológico desde una aproximación del discurso teórico y su abordaje práctico del objeto de estudio. En este se explica el proceso de acercamiento a la realidad sociológica, desde una perspectiva teórica y metodológica, que permita visibilizar algunos de los procesos institucionales y comunitarios en los que se puede desempeñar la persona profesional en sociología. La metodología para desarrollar este escrito se fundamenta en el análisis documental. Los principales resultados plantean el proceso de acercamiento a la realidad institucional y comunitaria.

Abstract In the present article, the sociological labor from a theoretical speech and its practical approach over the subject of study is portrayed. Besides, this article explains a sociological reality from a theoretical and methodological perspectives, that make some institutional and community processes that a professional sociologist can perform visible. The methodological process to create this article is based on documental analysis. The main results pose the approach process to the institutional and community reality.

Resumen Las tortillas de maíces nativos tienen buena aceptación entre los consumidores por su origen ancestral y su transformación artesanal. El objetivo del trabajo fue, determinar variables de nixtamalización y tortilla, así como la calidad sensorial y de aceptación de tortillas elaboradas con maíces de las razas Reventador, Complejo Serrano de Jalisco y Elotero de Sinaloa, de la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlán. Se colectaron dos accesiones por raza, como referencias se utilizaron H-155 (grano blanco) y una accesión de la raza Elotes Cónicos (grano azul morado). Entre razas no hubo diferencias estadísticas significativas en humedad de nixtamal, masa y tortilla. El rendimiento de los maíces fue mayor o igual a 1.54 kg de tortilla por kg de maíz. La media de aceptabilidad global de las tortillas varió entre 6.4 a 7.67. Las tortillas de la raza Reventador tuvieron la aceptación más baja calificados con ‘me gusta un poco’. La raza CSJ fue la que obtuvo puntuaciones más bajas en los atributos evaluados en la prueba de JAT. Los maíces nativos de la RBSM tienen la calidad necesaria para la elaboración de tortillas. Sin embargo, su aceptación y atributos organolépticos pueden mejorar.

Abstract Tortillas of native corns are well accepted among consumers due to their ancient origin and artisanal transformation. The objective of the work was to determine variables of nixtamalization and tortilla, as well as the sensory quality and acceptance of tortillas made with corns of the Reventador, Complejo Serrano de Jalisco and Elotero de Sinaloa races from the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve. Two accessions per race were collected, H-155 (white grain) and one accession of the Elotes Cónicos race (blue-purple grain) were used as references. Between races, there were no statistically significant differences in moisture of nixtamal, dough and tortilla. The yield of the corns was greater than or equal to 1.54 kg of tortilla per kg of corn. The mean overall acceptability of the tortillas ranged from 6.4 to 7.67. Tortillas of the Reventador race had the lowest acceptance, rated with ‘I like it a little’. The CSJ race was the one that obtained the lowest scores on the attributes evaluated on the JAR test. The native corns from the SMBR have the necessary quality for making tortillas. However, their acceptance and organoleptic attributes can be improved.

ABSTRACT We evaluated the inhibition activity of extracts from two common plants, moringa (Moringa oleifera) and croton (Croton californicus), against Vibrio parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16), which causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). The experiment was developed in three phases. First, extracts were prepared, and phytochemical screening of plants was performed. Second, microbiological tests were applied to calculate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Finally, two bioassays were performed on juvenile shrimp by administering the extracts (first) in shrimp feed at 24 and 72 h, pre-infection, and the second in feed and directly to the culture water. Based on preliminary results of antimicrobial activity, an extract concentration of 60 mg mL-1 inhibited V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16) at a final concentration of approximately 1×106 CFU mL-1 . Bioassays were carried out in order to determine the V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16) median lethal dose (LC50) for juvenile Penaeus vannamei (0.20 ± 0.05 g); the LC50 was 85×103 CFU mL-1. As a first test, the extracts were added to commercial feed at doses of 20, 40, and 60 mg mL-1. After feeding, the shrimp were infected with V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16), and mortality was recorded. For the first infection time (24 h), survival was 46 and 33% with croton and moringa, respectively; for the second infection time (72 h), survival was 16 and 25% with croton and moringa. Application of antibacterial extracts directly to culture water were effective against V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16). The best result (94% survival) was obtained with a high dose (3.6 mg mL-1 or 30%) of moringa extracts added directly to culture water. Moringa methanol extracts produce active compounds capable of inhibiting replication of V. parahaemolyticus (IPNGS16) in shrimp aquaculture and reducing shrimp mortality.

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Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between first-degree family history and colorectal cancer (CRC). Method We analyzed data from 2857 controls and 1360 CRC cases, collected in the MCC-Spain project. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of association with the family history of CRC was estimated by non-conditional logistic regression. Results First-degree relatives doubled the risk of CRC (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.80–2.66), increasing in those with two or more (OR: 4.22; 95% CI: 2.29–7.78) and in those whose relatives were diagnosed before 50 years (OR: 3.24; 95% CI: 1.52–6.91). Regarding the association of the family history with the location, no significant differences were observed between colon and rectum, but there were in the relation of these with the age of diagnosis, having more relatives those diagnosed before 50 years (OR: 4.79; 95% CI:2.65–8.65). Conclusions First-degree relatives of CRC increase the chances of developing this tumor,they also increase when the relative is diagnosed at an early age. Therefore, it must be a target population on which to carry out prevention measures.